AI Agents: Architecture and Components

Overview

Since Leapfrog's creation, the system has continuously evolved with the addition of new specialized agents. The platform now features a comprehensive agent library built on a robust toolkit framework, enabling sophisticated multi-agent workflows and autonomous task execution.

What is an AI Agent?

AI agents are software systems that use a large language model (LLM) as a reasoning engine but go beyond chat by taking actions in an environment. Instead of only generating text, an agent can interpret a goal, decide what to do next, call external capabilities (tools), observe the results, and iterate until the objective is achieved.

In practice, an "agent" is not a single model call - it is a control system wrapped around an LLM:

  • A policy layer (instructions + constraints) defines what the agent is allowed to do.
  • A capability layer (tools/skills) defines what the agent can do.
  • A state layer (context + memory) defines what the agent knows right now.
  • A loop (reason -> act -> observe) defines how the agent makes progress.

This architecture matters because it turns the LLM from a passive text generator into an adaptive problem-solver that can:

  • Gather missing information (read docs, query systems),
  • Produce and persist artifacts (reports, code, charts),
  • Recover from errors (retry, choose alternatives), and
  • Coordinate specialists (delegate to sub-agents).

An agent is not just a chat model. A chat model produces responses; an agent operates - it can run commands, fetch data, write artifacts, and iterate autonomously within defined constraints. Think of an AI agent as a smart assistant that can:

  • Understand what you're asking for
  • Figure out the steps needed to accomplish the task
  • Perform actions using available capabilities
  • Learn from the results and adjust its approach
  • Keep working until the job is done

When agents are the right abstraction

Agents are most useful when tasks are multi-step, partially specified, and feedback-driven, for example:

  • "Investigate why the pipeline is failing and propose a fix."
  • "Answer this business question using the database and produce a report."
  • "Refactor this module and run tests until they pass."

If a task is single-shot and fully specified (e.g., "summarize this paragraph"), a non-agent LLM call is often simpler and cheaper.

The Agent Loop (ReAct)

Most agents follow a ReAct-style loop (Reason + Act), sometimes with explicit planning:

  1. Reason: decide the next best step given the goal and current context.
  2. Act: call a tool (or delegate to another agent) to perform an operation.
  3. Observe: read the tool result (standard output, returned JSON, file changes, errors).
  4. Repeat: continue until the task is complete, blocked, or a stop condition triggers.

A useful way to think about the loop is that each iteration should:

  • Reduce uncertainty (retrieve missing facts),
  • Reduce distance to the goal (make a concrete change), or
  • Increase confidence (validate/verify what was done).

Typical stop conditions

Well-behaved agents stop for explicit reasons, such as:

  • Success: acceptance criteria are met (tests pass, report complete, question answered).
  • Blocked: required permissions/data/tools are unavailable.
  • Budget: step/time/token limits reached.

Agent Components

An agent is the intelligent layer that decides what to do. It's like a project manager who understands the goal, plans the approach, and uses available skills and tools to get the job done.

Agent Library

The Leapfrog ecosystem includes many specialized agents (some of which are shown in the image above), each designed for specific analytical and reporting tasks.

Why specialization helps:

  • Higher reliability: narrower scope reduces ambiguity and improves tool choice.
  • Reusable expertise: prompts, skills, and knowledge can be tuned per domain.
  • Parallelism and delegation: a coordinator agent can hand off sub-tasks to experts.
  • Clearer governance: permissions can be scoped per agent (e.g., who can write files).

A common pattern is an orchestrator (or "manager") agent that routes work to sub-agents and integrates their outputs into a final deliverable.

Agent Toolkit Framework

The agent toolkit is built on four foundational concepts that enable flexible and powerful agent development:

Agent

The core reasoning component - a large language model equipped with specialized skills and capabilities.

In addition to the model itself, an agent definition typically includes:

  • Role and objective (what it is trying to accomplish)
  • Constraints (what it must not do)
  • Available skills/tools (its action space)
  • Output contract (expected format, e.g., JSON, markdown report)
  • Termination rules (when to stop vs. escalate)

Skill

A versatile building block that packages how to do something. This modularity allows agents to be composed and extended dynamically.

A skill may:

  • Wrap a single tool,
  • Orchestrate multiple tools in a workflow, or
  • Delegate to another specialized agent.

Knowledge

A mechanism for injecting domain-specific expertise into agents at runtime, enabling them to operate effectively in specialized fields without requiring model retraining.

Memory

An intelligent storage system that helps agents overcome context-management challenges by preserving important information for future use, enabling continuity across interactions.

Core Capabilities

Current implementation supports several advanced capabilities enabled by the agent toolkit:

Planning

Agents can build structured plans that improve the accuracy and quality of final outputs through systematic decomposition of complex tasks.

Powerful Tools

The system supports custom tools provided by users, allowing agents to integrate with existing workflows and data infrastructure.

Long-term Memory

Persistent memory enables agents to maintain context and track important information across extended work sessions.

Sub-agent Delegation

Complex tasks can be delegated to specialized sub-agents, allowing for efficient division of labor and expertise application.

Smart Context Management

The system intelligently manages context to ensure agents have access to relevant information while avoiding context window limitations.

How They Work Together

Below is a simple workflow showing how different components work together. For simplicity, not all components are included here.

An agent is the intelligent layer that decides what to do. It's like a project manager who understands the goal, plans the approach, and uses available skills and tools to get the job done.

Skills are packaged capabilities that combine one or more tools with guidance on when and how to use them. Think of a skill as a trained procedure or technique.

Tools are the specific actions an AI agent can perform. They are specialized and do one specific thing reliably. They don't make decisions - they just execute when called.

Logs

As an AI Agent works, it produces the logs which include steps that the agent takes, tools it calls, as well as a work summary. The AI Response sections are typically the most useful as they explain the exploration plan, the work it has done, and the results after exploration. This is generally a response to the user. While all others are more for internal processes.

Example: Analyzer Agent

  1. User submits data analysis request to the Analyzer Agent
  2. Context Retrieval skill fetches relevant background information and helps determine relevant data tables
  3. Execute Query skill retrieves and processes raw data
  4. Analysis Agent synthesizes findings from results and provides recommendations. These are saved in Memory.
  5. Visualization Agent creates charts using Chart Creator skill and Memory-informed context
  6. Critic Agent reviews the charts to ensure that they answer user's questions and are formatted properly and suggests improvements
  7. Final polished analysis and visualizations delivered to user

Other Helpful Resources

Overview

Since Leapfrog's creation, the system has continuously evolved with the addition of new specialized agents. The platform now features a comprehensive agent library built on a robust toolkit framework, enabling sophisticated multi-agent workflows and autonomous task execution.

What is an AI Agent?

AI agents are software systems that use a large language model (LLM) as a reasoning engine but go beyond chat by taking actions in an environment. Instead of only generating text, an agent can interpret a goal, decide what to do next, call external capabilities (tools), observe the results, and iterate until the objective is achieved.

In practice, an "agent" is not a single model call - it is a control system wrapped around an LLM:

  • A policy layer (instructions + constraints) defines what the agent is allowed to do.
  • A capability layer (tools/skills) defines what the agent can do.
  • A state layer (context + memory) defines what the agent knows right now.
  • A loop (reason -> act -> observe) defines how the agent makes progress.

This architecture matters because it turns the LLM from a passive text generator into an adaptive problem-solver that can:

  • Gather missing information (read docs, query systems),
  • Produce and persist artifacts (reports, code, charts),
  • Recover from errors (retry, choose alternatives), and
  • Coordinate specialists (delegate to sub-agents).

An agent is not just a chat model. A chat model produces responses; an agent operates - it can run commands, fetch data, write artifacts, and iterate autonomously within defined constraints. Think of an AI agent as a smart assistant that can:

  • Understand what you're asking for
  • Figure out the steps needed to accomplish the task
  • Perform actions using available capabilities
  • Learn from the results and adjust its approach
  • Keep working until the job is done

When agents are the right abstraction

Agents are most useful when tasks are multi-step, partially specified, and feedback-driven, for example:

  • "Investigate why the pipeline is failing and propose a fix."
  • "Answer this business question using the database and produce a report."
  • "Refactor this module and run tests until they pass."

If a task is single-shot and fully specified (e.g., "summarize this paragraph"), a non-agent LLM call is often simpler and cheaper.

The Agent Loop (ReAct)

Most agents follow a ReAct-style loop (Reason + Act), sometimes with explicit planning:

  1. Reason: decide the next best step given the goal and current context.
  2. Act: call a tool (or delegate to another agent) to perform an operation.
  3. Observe: read the tool result (standard output, returned JSON, file changes, errors).
  4. Repeat: continue until the task is complete, blocked, or a stop condition triggers.

A useful way to think about the loop is that each iteration should:

  • Reduce uncertainty (retrieve missing facts),
  • Reduce distance to the goal (make a concrete change), or
  • Increase confidence (validate/verify what was done).

Typical stop conditions

Well-behaved agents stop for explicit reasons, such as:

  • Success: acceptance criteria are met (tests pass, report complete, question answered).
  • Blocked: required permissions/data/tools are unavailable.
  • Budget: step/time/token limits reached.

Agent Components

An agent is the intelligent layer that decides what to do. It's like a project manager who understands the goal, plans the approach, and uses available skills and tools to get the job done.

Agent Library

The Leapfrog ecosystem includes many specialized agents (some of which are shown in the image above), each designed for specific analytical and reporting tasks.

Why specialization helps:

  • Higher reliability: narrower scope reduces ambiguity and improves tool choice.
  • Reusable expertise: prompts, skills, and knowledge can be tuned per domain.
  • Parallelism and delegation: a coordinator agent can hand off sub-tasks to experts.
  • Clearer governance: permissions can be scoped per agent (e.g., who can write files).

A common pattern is an orchestrator (or "manager") agent that routes work to sub-agents and integrates their outputs into a final deliverable.

Agent Toolkit Framework

The agent toolkit is built on four foundational concepts that enable flexible and powerful agent development:

Agent

The core reasoning component - a large language model equipped with specialized skills and capabilities.

In addition to the model itself, an agent definition typically includes:

  • Role and objective (what it is trying to accomplish)
  • Constraints (what it must not do)
  • Available skills/tools (its action space)
  • Output contract (expected format, e.g., JSON, markdown report)
  • Termination rules (when to stop vs. escalate)

Skill

A versatile building block that packages how to do something. This modularity allows agents to be composed and extended dynamically.

A skill may:

  • Wrap a single tool,
  • Orchestrate multiple tools in a workflow, or
  • Delegate to another specialized agent.

Knowledge

A mechanism for injecting domain-specific expertise into agents at runtime, enabling them to operate effectively in specialized fields without requiring model retraining.

Memory

An intelligent storage system that helps agents overcome context-management challenges by preserving important information for future use, enabling continuity across interactions.

Core Capabilities

Current implementation supports several advanced capabilities enabled by the agent toolkit:

Planning

Agents can build structured plans that improve the accuracy and quality of final outputs through systematic decomposition of complex tasks.

Powerful Tools

The system supports custom tools provided by users, allowing agents to integrate with existing workflows and data infrastructure.

Long-term Memory

Persistent memory enables agents to maintain context and track important information across extended work sessions.

Sub-agent Delegation

Complex tasks can be delegated to specialized sub-agents, allowing for efficient division of labor and expertise application.

Smart Context Management

The system intelligently manages context to ensure agents have access to relevant information while avoiding context window limitations.

How They Work Together

Below is a simple workflow showing how different components work together. For simplicity, not all components are included here.

An agent is the intelligent layer that decides what to do. It's like a project manager who understands the goal, plans the approach, and uses available skills and tools to get the job done.

Skills are packaged capabilities that combine one or more tools with guidance on when and how to use them. Think of a skill as a trained procedure or technique.

Tools are the specific actions an AI agent can perform. They are specialized and do one specific thing reliably. They don't make decisions - they just execute when called.

Logs

As an AI Agent works, it produces the logs which include steps that the agent takes, tools it calls, as well as a work summary. The AI Response sections are typically the most useful as they explain the exploration plan, the work it has done, and the results after exploration. This is generally a response to the user. While all others are more for internal processes.

Example: Analyzer Agent

  1. User submits data analysis request to the Analyzer Agent
  2. Context Retrieval skill fetches relevant background information and helps determine relevant data tables
  3. Execute Query skill retrieves and processes raw data
  4. Analysis Agent synthesizes findings from results and provides recommendations. These are saved in Memory.
  5. Visualization Agent creates charts using Chart Creator skill and Memory-informed context
  6. Critic Agent reviews the charts to ensure that they answer user's questions and are formatted properly and suggests improvements
  7. Final polished analysis and visualizations delivered to user

Other Helpful Resources

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